chore(Dockerfile): Use Debian 13 as base

[mrueg]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Moves the distroless base from debian 12 to debian 13

How does this change affect the cardinality of KSM: (increases, decreases or does not change cardinality)
None
Which issue(s) this PR fixes: (optional, in fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged)
Fixes #

[k8s-ci-robot]

This issue is currently awaiting triage.

If kube-state-metrics contributors determine this is a relevant issue, they will accept it by applying the triage/accepted label and provide further guidance.

The triage/accepted label can be added by org members by writing /triage accepted in a comment.

Details

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes-sigs/prow repository.

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: mrueg

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Details

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [mrueg]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment