[Test][C++] Fix flaky ReaderTest.testAsyncRead

tests/ReaderTest.cc

@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@
 #include <pulsar/Reader.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
+#include <functional>
 #include <future>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "HttpHelper.h"
 #include "PulsarFriend.h"
@@ -110,15 +114,27 @@ TEST_P(ReaderTest, testAsyncRead) {
         ASSERT_EQ(ResultOk, producer.send(msg));
     }
 
+    // readNextAsync callbacks may complete in any order (e.g. with partitioned topic); collect all 10 then
+    // verify set
+    std::string received[10];
+    std::atomic<int> receivedCount{0};
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-        reader.readNextAsync([i](Result result, const Message& msg) {
+        reader.readNextAsync([&](Result result, const Message& msg) {
             ASSERT_EQ(ResultOk, result);
-            std::string content = msg.getDataAsString();
-            std::string expected = "my-message-" + std::to_string(i);
-            ASSERT_EQ(expected, content);
+            int idx = receivedCount.fetch_add(1);
+            if (idx < 10) received[idx] = msg.getDataAsString();
         });
     }
 
+    waitUntil(
+        std::chrono::seconds(5), [&]() { return receivedCount.load() == 10; }, 1000);
+    ASSERT_EQ(10, receivedCount.load()) << "Expected 10 messages";
+
+    std::set<std::string> receivedSet(received, received + 10);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(receivedSet.count("my-message-" + std::to_string(i))) << "Missing my-message-" << i;
+    }
+
     waitUntil(
         std::chrono::seconds(5),
         [&]() {